CELLULAR EXTRACT OF ONE OR MORE MICROALOGUES OF THE GENUS AMPHIDINIUM FOR ITS FUNGICIDE AND / OR BAC

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium and its uses for its fungicidal and / or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds.
公开号:FR3052337A1
申请号:FR1655263
申请日:2016-06-08
公开日:2017-12-15
发明作者:De La Crouee Odon Thiebeauld；Yann Thomas
申请人:Immunrise；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates to the field of seed antifungals and anti-bactericides.
After the Second World War and in order to cope with the worldwide increase of the population, the advent of the "green revolution" was put in place by using modern breeding programs, irrigation, fertilizers and synthetic pesticides to control soil fertility and pathogenic organisms. These different elements have almost tripled global food production in the space of forty years. Today, the challenge for agriculture is to feed 9 billion people by 2050 and continue to increase production per unit area while taking into account increasingly limited resources and increasing constraints. For example, potential losses due to biotic stress and in the absence of crop protection methods would amount to more than half of cereal production. Conventional crop protection products are therefore an integral part of crop protection around the world in order to limit losses. However, these chemicals have a strong negative impact on human health and the environment, prompting the use of other means of fighting infectious diseases such as bio-control (a set of plant protection methods through the use of natural mechanism). The purpose of this patent is to exploit unicellular algae, derived from phytoplankton, as a source of new natural molecules capable of acting as a "biological pesticide" by directly affecting the survival of phytopathogens infecting crops of major agronomic importance, such as wheat and vine.
Fusarium
In Europe, several diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum) are responsible for yield losses or deterioration of the quality of grain health. One of the most important is Septoria leaf spot (Septoria spp.). Fusarium wilt is associated with a species complex comprising two genera of phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium and Microdochium (1). These two genera include about 19 species capable of inducing fusariosis of the ear of wheat. The most common species in Europe are F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, M. nivale and M. majus. The genus Fusarium belongs to the division Ascomycetes and the family Nectriaceae. The genus Microdochium belongs to the family Tuberculariaceae and includes two species, M. nivale and M. majus, causing the same symptoms on ear and leaves as Fusaria. Several species of fusarium, of which Fusarium graminearum is the most represented, can be found together at the scale of the region, the plot or on the same ear thus forming the fusarium complex. The severity, incidence and prevalence of each species vary according to geographical location, climatic variations and cultural practices. The presence on the same ear of several of these species is likely to change their balance and their dynamics of toxin production.
Fusarium wilt can devastate a crop a few weeks before harvest. It can be associated with both high yield losses (abortion and low weight of grains), a reduction in their germinal quality or a decrease in their quality by the presence of toxins in the grains. Indeed, fungi of the genus Fusarium, but not of the genus Michrodochium, are capable of producing toxic secondary metabolites, the mycotoxins, whose presence increases the incidence of the disease on agricultural productions and constitutes a major economic and health problem. public. The principal means of fighting Fusarium wilt include cultural practices, varietal resistance and chemical control. At present, few wheat varieties are resistant to Fusarium wilt. However, there are tolerant varieties with partial resistance levels that limit yield losses and toxin accumulation in crops. Once the culture is installed, the use of chemical control is possible but of limited effectiveness. The diversity of pathogens and their different sensitivity to active ingredients make this fight more complex. For example, fungi of the genus Fusarium are sensitive to triazoles whereas fungi of the genus Microdochium are susceptible to strobilurins.
Septoria
Septoria is a wheat disease that causes significant yield losses and causes the most economic losses in the world, especially in humid temperate regions. Two main forms of septoria can be distinguished: Septoria leaf spot [Phaeosphaeria nodorum] and leaf spot blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola). In France, the septoriose of the ears is mainly present in the continental areas whereas that of the leaves is mainly present in the north-west and on the maritime borders where the mushroom finds climatic conditions favorable to its development. The symptoms caused by M. graminicola appear successively in the form of chlorosis, light green spots, before evolving into brownish spots called necroses. These necroses eventually merge into each other (coalescence). Then appear on these necroses pycnidia, black fructifications barely visible to the naked eye. Septoria leaf blight in terms of photosynthesis loss, growth or yield has been studied by several research teams. A qualitative nuisance expressing the impact of the disease on the protein content of the harvested grains can thus be established. Μ. graminicola is a hemibiotropic fungus establishing a first biotrophic phase where the infection takes place on living tissues then occurs the necrotrophic phase during which the fungus expresses toxins producing the death of colonized tissues. Depending on the environmental conditions, reproduction of M. graminicola is sexual in nature (ascospore production) or asexual (production of pycnidiospores). Ascospores, disseminated by wind over long distances, contribute in particular to the survival of the fungus in the absence of a host plant and is considered as the main source of primary inoculum to initiate the disease. Pycnidiospores, for their part, are mostly produced during the epidemic phase of the disease during several successive infectious cycles. These spores are dispersed over short distances by the action of splashing raindrops. The decline in potential yields is all the more important as the last leaves under the ear involved in grain filling are severely affected by the disease. Yield losses due to septoria disease have been estimated at 1-2 t.ha '^ on average, with cases as high as 3-3.5 t.ha', which represents a 40% decrease in yields. .
Control methods for controlling M. graminicola are based on the use of fungicide and resistant cultivars. However, in recent years there has been a significant loss of fungicide efficacy due to a strong selection of pathogens with, for example, strobilurin family resistance and a recent loss of triazole efficacy in the field. .
Diseases of the vine
Nowadays, the vine is cultivated all over the world playing a central role in the economy of many countries. It is consumed in table grapes and juices, but its main exploitation is in the wine industry. The European Union is the largest wine producer in the world and the world's largest exporter of products lives! - wineries. The sector thus contributes about 15 billion euros a year to the economy of the European Union (www.cev.be). In 2010, the French vineyard covered nearly 865,000 ha, or nearly 3% of arable land and allows France to be the world's largest wine producer with 51.1 million hectoliters. The vine has to face many attacks of pathogens including fungal diseases. These are called "wood disease" when they affect the lignified parts of the plant, this is the case of esca, black dead arm or eutypiose. Fungi that infect the berries and herbaceous parts of the vine (leaves, stems ...) induce "fungi fungus" diseases, which include gray mold, black rot, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Esca
While mildew, powdery mildew and gray mold are the three major fungal diseases affecting vineyards around the world, wood diseases caused by fungal agents are limiting factors in grape production. Winegrowers currently face two major problems with these wood diseases: the lack of control methods and a profound lack of knowledge of the different biotic and abiotic factors.
The most common species of fungus worldwide for esca are the ascomycetes Diplodia seriata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum luteum. In France, the most isolated species are Diplodia seriata and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Many other fungi including some pathogens are frequently isolated from wood necrosis of plants with esca. This is the case of Eutypa lata, agent responsible for Eutypiose. This disease comes in two forms: the slow form and the apoplectic form. Foliar symptoms are characteristic of the slow form, although they may be present in the apoplectic form. The slow form is characterized by specific leaf colorings: yellowish white internervary spots on white grapes and bordered with red on black grape varieties, the veins remaining green. These tasks progress gradually to browning and drying out. Foliar symptoms of the slow form can be visible one year on one vine and disappear the following year. The apoplectic form is characterized by rapid drying of aerial organs, branches, leaves and clusters of part or all of the vine stock. This symptom usually occurs when summers are hot, causing the vines to die in just a few days without warning symptoms. The variety of sources of inoculum and the very slow and non-visible development of fungi in the vine make the implementation of control methods very complicated. In addition, the evolution of the regulation of plant protection products on a European scale led to the banning of chemicals based on sodium arsenite because of the carcinogenic effects on humans and the high toxicity of these products. on the environment. There is a lot of research going on around the world to test new molecules that can be used in nurseries or vineyards.
Gray rot
Gray mold is a fungal disease caused by an ascomycete fungus called Botrytis cinerea. It belongs to the class of Leotiomycetes, to the order Helotiales and the family Sclerotiniaceae. B. cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus capable of colonizing healthy plant tissue, already infected, as well as dead tissue (saprophytism). On leaf, symptoms appear as brown spots with grayish foliage on the underside (fructifications of the fungus) that tend to grow and invade the entire limb. Clusters can be affected before flowering and dry out. They are especially susceptible to the veraison stage, when there is a development of a brown coloration of white grape berries and the appearance of a thick gray felting. Conidia are disseminated by wind and penetrate herbaceous organs directly or through wounds. This is why bursting berries due to mildew favors infections with B. cinerea. This disease causes not only yield losses of up to 40% (Viniflhor, 2006 data) but it also affects the organoleptic qualities of the wines. Nevertheless, Botrytis cinerea is also responsible for the "noble rot" required to obtain certain sweet wines.
Mildew
The two diseases that are most severely affecting vineyards today are downy mildew and powdery mildew. The causal agent of downy mildew, oomycete Plasmospora viticola belonging to the peronospore order, is a mandatory parasite; to keep it alive and multiply it, it is obligatory to propagate it on surviving vine leaves. P. viticola attacks all the herbaceous tissues of the vine as well as clusters. It causes defoliation, browning and drying of berries and stems. In the absence of treatment and under favorable climatic conditions, downy mildew can devastate up to 75% of the crop of the season.
The life cycle of P. viticola includes a sexual phase and an asexual phase. The asexual phase leads to the production of spores necessary for secondary infections and dispersal of the pathogen over a short distance, while the sexual phase produces quiescent and cold-resistant oospores allowing the passage of winter and infections. primary. The first macroscopic evidence for the presence of late blight in a vineyard is the appearance of pale yellow spots and irregular (oil stains) magnifying on the upper or adaxial face, leaves. As the internal colonization of the mycelium progresses, the development of cottony white cushions on the underside in correspondence with the oil stains becomes more important. In advanced infections these symptoms are accompanied by dead brown tissues. The fight against mildew is mainly organized by preventive measures by fungicide sprays. If it is possible to stop an attack, the damage, once caused on the inflorescences and bunches, are irremediable. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a biotrophic obligate ascomycete belonging to the order Erysiphales. The fungus colonizes the surface of all the green organs of the vine, especially the upper surface of the leaves, and spreads on the berries. A sexual phase that is characterized by the production of cleistothecia containing ascospores can alternate with an asexual phase leading to conidial conidiophores. During the winter resting period of the vine, the fungus survives as hyphae in dormant buds or cleistothecia on the surface of the plant. The spores contained in the cleistothecia will be released in the spring to germinate on the surface of the buds and young leaves. A primary hypha then develops on the leaf surface, then an increasingly complex and branched mycelial network lines the leaf surface. Subsequently, conidiophores differentiate from the mycelium constituting the beginning of the sporulation stage and colonize other green tissues of the plant giving rise to secondary infections.
The presence of conidial mycelium and conidiophores on the surface of infected host tissues gives a powdery, greyish-white appearance. White felting develops on the flower buds that dry out. Only young berries with a sugar level <8% are sensitive to powdery mildew. All leaf surfaces may be susceptible to infection, regardless of age. Infected young leaves first turn dark green, then the leaves deform and become stunted. The upper surface of the leaves may have lighter, chlorotic spots that resemble the stains of late blight oil. At the present time, the main means of controlling the diseases that most severely affect vineyards is the use of pesticides and fungicides in large quantities. The health pressure is therefore particularly strong in viticulture.
Fungicide treatments intended mainly to control downy mildew and powdery mildew are applied according to a specific schedule to prevent damage due to the appearance of a disease. The European Union (EU) employs around 68 000 tonnes of fungicides a year to control vine diseases, which accounts for 65% of the fungicides used in agriculture, while only 3.3% of the EU is occupied by vines (Eurostat, 2007). In order to limit the high pressure of chemicals on the environment and health, it is necessary to isolate molecules of natural origin that will play a role of crop protection against infectious diseases in order to eventually replace the chemical phytosanitary products used so far.
Microalgae
The molecules of natural origin having a new mechanism of action and able to circumvent the resistances developed by the pathogenic agents have a major future for the development of new phytosanitary products respectful of the environment. The oceans represent a considerable variety of organisms (bacteria, microalgae, algae, vertebrate animals and invertebrates) which are a source of new bioactive molecules and which are still little exploited (2). For example, marine microorganisms accumulate bioactive secondary metabolites whose unique structure is not found in terrestrial organisms. These metabolites therefore potentially represent new molecules of interest. Certain substances derived from marine organisms have been described as having antifungal activity or a natural defense substance activity, but the search for these molecules is still very little developed (3).
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. Producing organic material, they play an important ecological role as they represent the basis of the marine food chain. However, their incredible ability to colonize all the world's oceans suggests that they have probably developed effective strategies for controlling pathogens, particularly through the production of natural pesticides. For example, the abundant proliferation in coastal areas of biotoxin-producing microalgae is responsible for the formation of toxic algal blooms (HABs: HarmfuI algal blooms) with a significant impact on the trophic cascade.
Among the micro-algae, dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales and the family Gymnodiniaceae are present in temperate and tropical marine waters living in free form or in symbiosis with invertebrates (for example, corals). Dinoflagellates synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites of the polyketide type (compounds having a biological or pharmacological activity that may be toxic in order to confer a survival advantage), several of which have been characterized, including those responsible for HABs (4). For example, the model species of dinoflagellates, Amphidinium carterae, produces a profusion of different bioactive compounds, many of which have become so developed as therapeutic agents (5). The polyketides produced by Amphidinium species are extremely diverse in structure and fall into three categories: macrolides, linear polyketides and long-chain polyketides. For example, amphidinols are polyhydroxy-polyenes (long chain ployctides) which exhibit strong anti-fungal and hemolytic activity. They thus increase the membrane permeability by associating with the membrane lipids (6). Among the various Amphidinium strains, compounds similar to amphidinols having a long polyhydroxy chain have been isolated such as lingshuiols, karatungiols, carteraol E, luteophanols, colopsinols, and amphezonol A (5).
In order to limit the high pressure of chemicals on the environment and health, it is necessary to isolate molecules of natural origin that will play a role of crop protection against infectious diseases in order to eventually replace the chemical phytosanitary products used so far. These "biological pesticides" could thus directly affect the survival of phytopathogens of crops of major agronomic importance, such as wheat and vines.
Surprisingly, the inventors observed a fungicidal effect of a cell extract of Amphidinium carterae on Fusarium graminearum, in particular an effect on spore germination and growth of Fusarium graminearum.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A first subject of the invention relates to the use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium for its fungicidal and / or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds. .
Another subject of the invention relates to a method for preparing a cell extract of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps:
Lyophilization or freezing of a cell pellet of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium
Resuspending said freeze-dried or frozen biomass in an aqueous or organic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 1:50 rapidly bring the temperature back to near room temperature.
Optionally lyophilization of the extract obtained
Another subject of the invention relates to a cell extract or lyophilizate of Amphidinium cells that can be obtained by the above method.
Another subject of the invention relates to a method for preparing a lyophilizate of cells of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps:
Cell culture under conditions of temperature, photoperiod and salinity adapted to the strain concerned up to a cell concentration of between 5 × 10 7 cells / ml and 5 × 10 5 cells / ml,
Lyophilisation.
Another subject of the invention relates to a lyophilizate that can be obtained by the preceding method.
Another subject of the invention relates to a method for controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds comprising the application to the crop plants and / or the coating of said seeds with a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium or an extract according to the invention.
Another subject of the invention relates to a method for controlling fungi, oomycetes, and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and crop seeds comprising the following steps: Resuspending a lyophilizate of cells of one or more microalgae ( s) of the genus Amphidinium or a lyophilizate according to claim 8 or 10 in water or an organic or inorganic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 1:50, Mix with water or in an organic or inorganic solvent in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1:50 to quickly bring the temperature close to room temperature.
Apply this mixture to the crop plants and / or coat the said seeds with this mixture.
LEGEND OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Amphidinium carterae extract has antifungal activity on Fusarium graminearum. A. Spores of Fusarium graminearum were incubated in the presence of extracts from different microalgae cultures and then placed on in vitro culture medium. The picture was taken 72H after. B. Spores of Fusarium graminearum were incubated in the presence of a concentration range of extracts (from 0 g / L to 2.0 g / L) from a culture of Amphidinium carterae and then placed on culture medium in vitro. The picture was taken 72H after. C. Similar to B but the amount of germinated spores is counted 6H after incubation. D. Fusarium graminearum spores were incubated in the presence of A extracts. carterae that have been previously frozen or freeze-dried.
Figure 2. Amphidinium carterae extract inhibits in vitro and inhibits the growth of wheat pathogenic fungi. A. Spores of Microdochium majus, Zymoseptoria tritici and Fusarium gramineorum were incubated in liquid medium in the presence of extract of different concentration of Amphidinium carterae. Mushroom growth is measured by absorbance at 3 days. B. Wheat ears were inoculated with Fusarium graminearum spores and then treated 24 hours later with a solution in the presence or absence (mock) of the Amphidinium carterae extract. The onset and development of symptoms are monitored and the incidence and severity levels (score from 0 to 9) are recorded at 400 ° J and 450 ° J.
Figure 3. Amphidinium carterae extract inhibits the growth of vine pathogenic fungi A. in vitro and in planta. Amphidinium carterae extract (1 g / L) or sterile water (mock) was puivérisé on detached leaves of vine maintained in vitro condition then sporangia of Piasmopara viticoia or conidia of Erysiphe necator were deposited on these leaves. Symptoms are read at 7 days and 12 days respectively. B. Similar to A but mycelial implants of Botrytis cinerea were deposited on the treated leaves. The symptoms were read at 7 days by measuring the size of the necroses. C. Mycelial implants of different fungi involved in the disease of the vine esca were deposited on a culture medium and then treated 24 hours later with water (mock) or extract of A. carterae at different concentrations. The symptoms are read by measuring the surface of the mycelium at 4 days.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A first subject of the invention relates to the use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium for its fungicidal and / or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds. .
Suitable Amphidiniums are selected from the group consisting of Amphidinium achromaticum, Amphidinium acuieatum, Amphidinium acutissimum, Amphidinium acutum, Amphidinium alinii, Amphidinium aloxalocium, Amphidinium amphidinioides, Amphidinium asymmetricum, Amphidinium aureum, Amphidinium beiauense, Amphidinium bidentatum, Amphidinium beiges, Amphidinium boekhoutensis, Amphidinium boggayum, Amphidinium caeruiescens, Amphidinium carbuncuius, Amphidinium carterae, Amphidinium celestinum, Amphidinium chattonii, Amphidinium coeruleum, Amphidinium conradii, Amphidinium conus, Amphidinium coprosum, Amphidinium corallinum, Amphidinium corpulentum, Amphidinium crassum, Amphidinium cristatum, Amphidinium cucurbita, Amphidinium cucurbitella, Amphidinium cupulatisquama, Amphidinium curvatum.
Amphidinium cyaneoturbo, Amphidinium dentatum Amphidinium discoidal, Amphidinium dubium, Amphidinium eilatiensis, Amphidinium emarginatum, Amphidinium fastigium, Amphidinium fiium Bohm Amphidinium fiagellans, Amphidinium flexum, Amphidinium galbanum Amphidinium gibbosum, Amphidinium glaucovirescens, Amphidinium glaucum, Amphidinium globosum, Amphidinium hadai, Amphidinium herdmanii, Amphidinium incoloratum, Amphidinium inflatum, Amphidinium kesselitzii, Amphidinium kesslitzii, Amphidinium klebsii, Amphidinium lacunarum, Amphidinium lanceolatum, Amphidinium lefevrei, Amphidinium lilloense, Amphidinium lissae, Amphidinium longum, Amphidinium luteum, Amphidinium machapungarum, Amphidinium macrocephalum, Amphidinium mammillatum, Amphidinium manannini, Amphidinium mananninii, Amphidinium massartii, Amphidinium mootonorum, Amphidinium mucicoia, Amphidinium nasutum, Amphidinium obiiquum, Amphidinium obrae, Amphidinium oceanicum, Amphidinium ocuiatum, Amphidinium opercuiatum, Amphidinium opercuiatum var. steinii, Amphidinium ornithocephaium, Amphidinium ovoideum, Amphidinium ovum, Amphidinium pacificum, Amphidinium pelagicum, Amphidinium phthartum, Amphidinium psammophiia, Amphidinium psittacus, Amphidinium purpureum, Amphidinium pusiiium, Amphidinium rhynchocephaium, Amphidinium roseoium, Amphidinium ruttneri, Amphidinium saiinum, Amphidinium schiiieri, Amphidinium schroederi, Amphidinium scissum, Amphidinium sphagnicoia, Amphidinium sphenoides, Amphidinium steinii, Amphidinium steiiatum, Amphidinium stigmatum, Amphidinium sulcatum, Amphidinium Tortum, Amphidinium trochodinioides, Amphidinium trochodinoides, Amphidinium trulla, Amphidinium truncatum, Amphidinium turbo Amphidinium vernal, Amphidinium vigrense, Amphidinium vitreum Amphidinium vittatum , Amphidinium wigrense, Amphidinium yoorugurrum, Amphidinium yuroogurrum.
Preferably, the one or one of the microalgae of the genus Amphidinium used (s) according to the invention is Amphidinium carterae.
Said extract may be prepared by any method of cell extraction known to those skilled in the art, solid-liquid or liquid-liquid, for example an organic solvent extraction, which may be chosen from the group consisting of ketones, esters, C1 to C4 alcohols and miscible mixtures of these solvents.
This fungicidal activity on fungi and / or pathogenic oomycetes of plants and crop seeds may in particular be exercised by inhibition of spore germination or by inhibition of growth of the fungus and / or oomycetes.
Said cultivation plants are in particular chosen from the group consisting of cereals such as wheat, corn, barley, rice, soya, fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, apples, peaches, apricots, tomatoes, radishes, beans, vine and dice ornamental plants.
Said cultivation plants are in particular chosen from the group consisting of the genera Abelmoschus, Acacia, Achras, Agave, Agrostis, Aleurites, Allium, Anacardium, Pineapple, Annona, Apium, Arachis, Areca, Armoracla, Arracacia, Artocarpus, Asparagus, Aspidosperma, Avena, Bertholletia, Beta, Boehmeria, Borassus, Brassica, Cajanus, Camellia, Cannabis, Capsicum, Carica, Carthamus, Carum, Carya, Castanea, Ceiba, Ceratonia, Chenopodium, Chrysanthemum, Cicer, Cichorium, Cinchona, Cinnamomum, Citrullus, Citrus, Cocos, Coffea, Cola, Colocasia, Corchorus, Corylus, Crotalaria, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Cydonia, Cymbopogon, Cynara, Dactylis, Daucus, Dioscorea, Diospyros, Echinochloa, Elaeis, Elettaria, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Eriobotrya, Eugenia, Fagopyrum, Ficus, Foeniculum, Fragaria, Furcraea, Glycine, Glycyrrhiza, Gossypium, Guizotia, Helianthus, Hevea, Hibiscus, Hordeum, Humulus, // ex, Indigofera, Ipomoea, Jasminum, Juglans, Lactuca, Lagenaria, Lavandula, Lawsonia, Lens, Lepidium, Lespedeza, Linu m, Litchi, Lolium, Lopmoea, Lotus, Lupine, Lycopersicon, Lygeum, Macadamia, Malus, Mangifera, Manihot, Maranta, Medicago, Mentha, Mespilus, Metroxylon, Moringa, Musa, Myristica, Nicotiana, Olea, Onobrychis, Oryza, Panicum, Papaver, Pastinaca, Pelargonium, Pennisetum, Persea, Phaseolus, Phleum, Phoenix, Phormium, Pimpinella, Piper, Pistacia, Pisum, Prunus, Psidium, Punica, Pyrus, Raphanus Rheum, Ribes, Ricinus, Rose, Rubus, Saccharum, Scorzonera, Secale Sechium, Sesamum, Setaria, Solanum, Sorghum, Spinacia, Theobroma, Tragopogon, Trifolium, Trigonella, Triticum, Urena, Vaccinium, Valerianella, Vanilla, Vicia, Vigna, Vitellaria, Vitis, Xanthosoma, Zea, Zingiber.
The said pathogenic fungi of plants and crop seeds are pathogenic fungi of plants and crop seeds of the following types:
Acrocalymma, Acrocalymma medicaginis,
Fusarium, Fusarium affine, Fusarium arthrosporioides, Fusarium crookwellense, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium incarnatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium langsethiae, Fusarium mangiferae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. batatas, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. betae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. carthami, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cattleyae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. coffea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cyclaminis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Uni, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Spinacia, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Fusarium patch, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium redolens, Fusarium sacchari, Fusarium solani, Fusarium subgutinans, Fusarium sulphureum, Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium wilt,
Botrytis, Botrytis ailii, Botrytis anthophila, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis fabae, Botrytis narcissicoia
Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria, Alternaria dianthicola, Alternaria, Alternaria helianthi, Alternaria helianthicola, Alternaria japonica, Alternaria leuçanthemi, Alternaria limicola, Alternaria linicola, Alternaria padwickii, Alternaria Alternaria panax, Alternaria radicina, Alternaria raphani, Alternaria saponariae, Alternaria senecionis, Alternaria solani, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria triticina, Alternaria zinniae,
Erisyphus, Erisiphe necator, Erysiphe betae, Erysiphe brunneopunctata, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Erysiphe cruciferarum, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Avenae, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici, Erysiphe heraclei, Erysiphe pisi,
Clavienceps, Claviceps fusiformis, Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps sorghum, Claviceps zizaniae, Gaeumannomyces, Gaeumannomyces graminis,
Leptosphaeria, Leptosphaeria nodorum, Leptosphaeria acuta, Leptosphaeria cannabina, Leptosphaeria coniothyrium, Leptosphaeria libanotis, Leptosphaeria lindquistii, Leptosphaeria maculans, Leptosphaeria musarum, Leptosphaeria pratensis, Leptosphaeria sacchari Leptosphaeria woroninii
Microdochium, Microdochium spp. Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium dimerum, Microdochium panattonianum, Microdochium phragmitis,
Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella arachidis Mycosphaerella areola, Mycosphaerella berkeleyi Mycosphaerella bolleana Mycosphaerella brassicicoia Mycosphaerella caricae Mycosphaerella caryigena Mycosphaerella Cerasella, Mycosphaerella coffeicola Mycosphaerella confusd Mycosphaerella bloody Mycosphaerella dendroides Mycosphaerella eumusae Mycosphaerella gossypina, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella henningsii, Mycosphaerella Horii, Mycosphaerella juglandis, Mycosphaerella lageniformis, Mycosphaerella linicola, Mycosphaerella louislanae, Mycosphaerella musae, Mycosphaerella musicola, Mycosphaerella palmicola, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Mycosphaerella pistaciarum, Mycosphaerella pistacina, Mycosphaerella platanifolia, polymorph Mycosphaerella, Mycosphaerella pomi, Mycosphaerella punctiformis, Mycosphaerella pyri,
Oculimacula, Oculimacula aeuformis, Oculimacula yallundae.
Blumeria, Blumeria graminis,
Pyrenophora, Pyrenophora avenae, Pyrenophora chaetomioides, Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora seminiperda, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Pyrenophora teres f. teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis,
Ramularia, Ramularia collo-cygni, Ramularia beticola, Ramularia coryli, Ramularia cyclaminicola, Ramularia macrospora, Ramularia menthicola, Ramularia necator, Ramularia primulae, Ramularia spinaciae, Ramularia subtiiis, Ramularia tenella, Ramularia vallisumbrosae,
Rhynchosporium, Rhynchosporium secaiis,
Cochliobolus, Cochliobolus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus cymbopogonis, Cochliobolus hawaiiensis, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus iunatus, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Cochliobolus ravenelii, Cochliobolus sativus, Cochliobolus setariae, Cochliobolus spicifer, Cochliobolus stenospilus, Cochliobolus tuberculatus, Cochliobolus victoriae
Microdochium, Microdochium oryzae,
Pyricularia, Pyricularia oryzae,
Sarocladium, Sarocladium oryzae,
Ustilaginoides, Ustilaginoides virens,
Cercospora, Cercospora, Cercospora apii, Cercospora apii f.sp. Clerodendri, Cercospora apiicola, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercospora asparagi, Cercospora atrofiliformis, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora brachypus, Cercospora brassicicola, Cercospora brunkii, Cercospora cannabis, Cercospora cantuariensis, Cercospora capsici, Cercospora carotae, Cercospora corylina, Cercospora fuchsiae, Cercospora fusca, Cercospora fusimaculans Cercospora gerberae, Cercospora halstedii, Cercospora handelii, Cercospora hayi, Cercospora halangi, Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora lentis, Cercospora liguidambaris, Cercospora longipes, Cercospora longissima, Cercospora mamaonis, Cercospora mangiferae, Cercospora medicaginis, Cercospora melongenae, Cercospora minuta, Cercospora nicotianae, Cercospora odontoglossi , Cercospora papayae, Cercospora penniseti, Cercospora pisa-sativae, Cercospora platanicola, Cercospora puderii, Cercospora pulcherrima, Cercospora rhapidicola, Cercospora rosicola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora solani, Cercospora solani-tuberosi, Cercospora sorg Cercospora theae, Cercospora tuberculans, Cercospora vexans, Cercospora vicosae, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Cercospora zebrina, Cercospora zonata,
Corynespora, Corynespora cassiicola.
Phakospora, Phakospora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora gossypii, Colletotrichum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum arachidis, Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum cereale, Colletotrichum cojfeanum, Colletotrichum crassipes, Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum dematium f. spinaciae, Colletotrichum derridis, Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum wisteria, Colletotrichum gossypii, Colletotrichum graminicola, Colletotrichum higginsianum, Colletotrichum kahawae, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Colletotrichum Kingdom, Colletotrichum mangenotii, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum nigrum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum pisi, Colletotrichum sublineofum, Colletotrichum trichellum, Colletotrichum trifoHi, Colletotrichum truncatum,
Pythium spp.,
Diplodia, Diplodia parsley, Diplodia laelio-cattleyae, Diplodia manihoti, Diplodia paraphysaria, Diplodia seriata, Diplodia theae-sinensis,
Monilia, Monilinia azaleae, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Monilinia oxycocci,
Pezzicula, Pezzicula alba, Pezzicula malicorticis,
Zymoseptoria, Zymoseptoria tritici Phytophthora, Phytophthora infestations
Guignardia, Guignardia bidwelli, Guignardia camelliae, Guignardia fulvida, Guignardia mangiferae, Guignardia musae, Guignardia philoprina,
Plasmopara, Plasmopara viticola,
Puccinia puccinia, Puccinia angustata, Puccinia arachidis, Puccinia aristidae, Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia cacabata, Puccinia campanulae, Puccinia carthami, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia dioicae, Puccinia erianthi, Puccinia extensicola, Puccinia helianthi, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia jaceae, Puccinia kuehnii, Puccinia malvacearum, Puccinia mariae-wUsoniae, Puccinia melanocephala, Puccinia menthae, Puccinia oxalidis, Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis, Puccinia pittieriana, Puccinia poarum, Puccinia purpurea, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia schedonnardii, Puccinia sessilis, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia subnitens, Puccinia substrata, Puccinia verruca, Puccinia xanthii,
Rhizoctonia, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Rhizoctonia leguminicola, Rhizoctonia rubi,
Sclerotinia, Sclerotinia borealis, Sclerotinia bulborum, Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia ricini, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia spermophila, Sclerotinia trifoliorum.
Septoria, Septoria ampelina, Septoria azaleae, Septoria bataticola, Septoria campanulae, Septoria cannabis, Septoria cucurbitacearum, Septoria darrowii, Septoria dianthi, Septoria eumusae, Septoria giycines, Septoria heiianthi, Septoria humuii, Septoria hydrangeae, Septoria lactucae, Septoria iycopersici, Septoria iycopersici, Septoria menthae, Septoria passerinii, Septoria pisi, Septoria rhododendri, Septoria secaiis, Septoria seienophomoides,
Venturia, Venturia inaeguaiis. Venturia carpophiia,
Acrodontium, Acrodontium simpiex,
Acrophialophora, Crophiaioph ora fu sis para,
Acrosporium, Acrosporium tingitaninum,
Aecidium, Aecidium aechmantherae, Aecidium amaryiiidis, Aecidium breyniae, Aecidium campanuiastri, Aecidium cannabis, Aecidium cantensis, Aecidium caspicum, Aecidium foeniculi, Aecidium narcissi,
Ahmadiago,
Albonectria, Aibonectria rigidiuscuia,
Aiiodus, Aiiodus podophyiii,
Amphobotrys, Amphobotrys ricini,
Anguiiiosporeiia, Anguiiiosporeiia vermiformis,
Anthostomeiia, Anthostomeiia puiiuians,
Antrodia, Antrodia aibida, Antrodia seriaiiformis, Antrodia seriaiis,
Apiospora, Apiospora mountain,
Appendicuieiia,
Armiiiaria armiiiaria heimii, Armiiiaria sinapina, Armiiiaria sociaiis, Armillaria tabescens, Arthrocladiella,
Arthuriomyces, Arthuriomyces peckianus,
Ascochyta, Ascochyta asparagina, Ascochyta bohemica, Ascochyta caricae, Ascochyta doronici, Ascochyta fabae f.sp. Ascochyta graminea, Ascochyta hordei, Ascochyta humuii, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta prasadii, Ascochyta sorghi, Ascochyta spinaciae, Ascochyta tarda, Ascochyta tritici,
Ascospora, Ascospora ruborum,
Aspergillus, Aspergiumus acuieatus, Aspergiiius fischerianus, Aspergillus niger.
Asperisporium, Asperisporium caricae,
Asteridiella,
Asteroma, Asteroma caryae,
Athelia, Athelia arachnoidea, Athelia rolfsii,
Aurantiporus, Aurantiporus fissiUs,
Aureobasidium, Aureobasidium pullulons,
Bambusiomyces,
Banana freckie,
Bayoud disease,
Beniowskia, Benlowskia sphaeroldea,
Bionectria, Blonectria ochroleuca,
Bipolaris, BIpolarls cactivora, Blpolarls cookel, BIpolarls Incurvata, BIpolarls saccharl,
Biscogniauxia, BIscognIauxIa capnodes, BIscognIauxIa marginata,
Bjerkandera, Bjerkandera adusta,
Black Sigatoka,
Blakeslea, Blakeslea trispora,
Botryodiplodia, Botryodiplodla oncidll, Botryodiplodla ulmicola,
Botryosphaeria, Botryosphaerla cocogena, Botryosphaerla dothidea, Botryosphaerla marconll, Botryosphaerla obtusa, Botryosphaerla rhodina, Botryosphaerla ribis, Botryosphaerla stevensll,
Botryosporium, Botryosporlum pulchrum,
Botryotinia, Botryotinla fuckellana, Botryotinla polyblastls,
Boxwood blight,
Brachybasidlaceae,
Brasiliomyces, Brasillomyces malachrae,
Briosia, Briosla ampelophaga,
Brown ring patch,
Buckeye rot of tomato.
Bulbomicrosphaera,
Cadophora, Cadophora malorum,
Caespitotheca,
Calonectria, Calonectria ilicicola, Calonectria indusiata, Calonectria kyotensis, Calonectria pyrochroa, Calonectria quinqueseptata
Camarotella, Camarotella acrocomiae, Camarotella costaricensis,
Canna rust,
Capitorostrum, Capitorostrum cocoes,
Capnodium, Capnodium footii, Capnodium mangiferum, Capnodium ramosum, Capnodium theae, Cephalosporium, Cephalosporium gramineum,
Ceratobasidium cerate, Ceratobasidium cereale, Ceratobasidium cornigerum, Ceratobasidium noxium, Ceratobasidium ramicola, Ceratobasidium setariae, Ceratobasidium stevensii,
Ceratocystis, Ceratocystis adiposa, Ceratocystis coeruiescens, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Ceratocystis moniiiformis, Ceratocystis obionga, Ceratocystis obpyriformis, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Ceratocystis piiifera, Ceratocystis piuriannuiata, Ceratocystis poiyconidia, Ceratocystis tanganyicensis, Ceratocystis zombamontana
Ceratorhiza, Ceratorhiza hydrophiia,
Ceratospermopsis,
Cercoseptoria, Cercoseptoria oceiiata,
Cercosporella, Cercosporeiia rubi,
Ceriporia, Ceriporia spissa, Ceriporia xyiostromatoides,
Cerrena, Cerrena unicoior,
Ceuthospora, Ceuthospora iauri,
Choanephora, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Choanephora infundibuiifera,
Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum white rust,
Chrysomyxa, Chrysomyxa cassandrae,
Chrysomyxa, Chrysomyxa himaiensis, Chrysomyxa iedi, Chrysomyxa iedi var. Rhododendri, Chrysomyxa iedicoia, Chrysomyxa nagodhii, Chrysomyxa neogianduiosi, Chrysomyxa piperiana,
Chrysomyxa pirolata, Chrysomyxa pyrolae, Chrysomyxa reticulata, Chrysomyxa roanensis, Chrysomyxa succinea,
Cladosporium, Cladosporium arthropodii, Cladosporium dadosporioides, Cladosporium cladosporioides f.sp. pisicola, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium musae, Cladosporium oncobae,
Climacodon, Climacodon pulcherrimus, Climacodon septentrionaiis,
Clitocybe, Clitocybe parasitica,
Clonostachys roseaf. rosea
Clypeoporthe, Ciypeoporthe iliau,
Coleosporium, Coleosporium helianthi, Coleosporium ipomoeae, Coleosporium madiae, Coleosporium padficum, Coleosporium tussiiaginis
Conidiosporomyces,
Coniella, Coniella castaneicoia, Coniella diplodiella, Coniella fragariae,
Coniothecium, Coniothedum chomatosporum,
Coniothyrium, Coniothyrium celtidis-australis, Coniothyrium henriguesii, Coniothyrium rosarum, Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae,
Coprinopsis, Coprinopsis psychromorbida,
Cordana, Cordana, Cordana musae, Coriolopsis floccosa
Corn gray ieaf spot,
Corticium, Cortidum invisum, Cortidum penidilatum, Cortidum theae,
Coryneopsis, Coryneopsis rubi,
Coryneum, Coryneum rhododendri,
Covered smut,
Crinipellis, Crinipellis sarmentosa,
Cronartium, Cronartium ribicola,
Cryphonectriaceae,
Cryptobasidiaceae,
Cryptocline, Cryptodine cydaminis.
Cryptomeliola,
Cryptosporella, Cryptosporella umbrina,
Cryptosporiopsis, Cryptosporiopsis tarraconensis,
Cryptosporium, Cryptosporium minimum,
Curvularia, Curvuiaria iunata, Curvuiaria caricae-papayae, Curvuiaria penniseti, Curvuiaria senegaiensis, Curvuiaria trifoiii,
Cycianeusma needie cast,
Cylindrocarpon, Cyiindrocarpon ianthotheie var. ianthotheia, Cyiindrocarpon magnusianum, Cyiindrocarpon musae,
Cylindrocladiella, Cyiindrociadieiia camiiiae, Cyiindrociadieiia parva,
Cylindrocladium, Cyiindrociadium ciavatum, Cyiindrociadium ianceoiatum, Cyiindrociadium peruvianum, Cyiindrociadium pteridis,
Cylindrosporium, Cyiindrosporium cannabinum, Cyiindrosporium jugiandis, Cyiindrosporium rubi, Cymadothea, Cymadothea trifoiii,
Cytospora, Cytospora paimarum, Cytospora personata, Cytospora sacchari, Cytospora saccuius, Cytospora terebinthi,
Cytosporina, Cytosporina iudibunda,
Dactuliophora, Dactuiiophora eiongata,
Davidiella, Davidieiia dianthi, Davidieiia tassiana,
Deightoniella, Deightoniaia papuana, Deightonieiia toruiosa,
Dendrophora, Dendrophora marconii, Dendrophora erumpens,
Denticularia, Denticuiaria mangiferae,
Dermea pseudotsugae,
diaporthaceae,
Diaporthe, Diaporthe arctii, Diaporthe duicamarae, Diaporthe eres, Diaporthe heiianthi, Diaporthe iagunensis, Diaporthe iokoyae, Diaporthe meionis, Diaporthe orthoceras, Diaporthe perniciosa, Diaporthe phaseoiorum, Diaporthe phaseoiorum var. cauiivora, Diaporthe phaseoiorum var. phaseoiorum, Diaporthe phaseoiorum var. Soy, Diaporthe rudis, Diaporthe tanakae, Diaporthe toxica.
Dicarpella, Dicarpella dryina,
Didymella, Didymella applanata, Didymella bryoniae, Didymella fabae, Didymella lycopersici Didymosphaeria, Didymosphaeria arachidicola, Didymella taiwanensis,
Dilophospora, Dilophospora alopecuri,
Dimeriella, Dimeriella sacchari,
Diplocarpon, Diplocarpon mespili, Diplocarpon rosae,
Discosia, Discosia artocreas,
Discostroma, Discostroma corticoia,
Distocercospora, Distocercospora iivistonae,
Dothiorella, Dothioreiia brevicoiiis, Dothioreiia dominicana, Dothioreiia duicispinae, Dothioreiia gregaria,
Drechsiera, Drechsiera avenacea, Drechsiera campanuiata, Drechsiera dematioidea, Drechsiera gigantea, Drechsiera giycines, Drechsiera musae-sapientium, Drechsiera teresf. macuiata, Drechsiera wirreganensis,
Eballistra, Ebaiiistra iineata, Ebaiiistra oryzae,
Ebaiiistraceae,
Echinodontium, Echinodontium ryvardenii, Echinodontium tinctorium,
Ectendomeiioia, Eisinoë, Eisinoë ampeiina, Eisinoë batatas, Eisinoë brasiiiensis, Eisinoë oycospiia, Eisinoë randii, Eisinoë rosarum, Eisinoë sacchari, Eisinoë theae, Eisinoë veneta,
Endomeiioia,
Endothia, Endothia radicaiis,
Endothiella, Endothelia gyrosa,
Entorrhizomycetes,
Entyloma, Entyioma ageratinae, Entyioma dahiiae, Entyioma eiiisii,
Epicoccum, Epicoccum nigrum,
Eremothecium, Eremothecium coryii, Eremothecium gossypii,
Erysiphaies,
Exobasidiaceae, Exobasidium burtii, Exobasidium reticulatum, Exobasidium vaccinii var. japonicum, exobasidium vaccinii-uliginosi, exobasidium vexon, xxophiaia aicaiophiia,
Exophiala, Exophiaia anguiospora, Exophiaia attenuata, Exophiaia caiicioides, Exophiaia casteiianii, Exophiaia dermatitidis, Exophiaia dopicoia, Exophiaia exophiaiae, Exophiaia heteromorpha, Exophiaia hongkongensis, Exophiaia jeanseimei, Exophiaia iecanii-corni, Exophiaia mansonii, Exophiaia mesophiia, Exophiaia moniiiae, Exophiaia negronii, Exophiaia Phaeomuriformis, Exophiaia pisciphiia, Exophiaia psychrophia, Exophiaia saimonis, Exophiaia spinifera,
Fomes, Fomes iamaënsis,
Fomitopsis, Fomitopsis rosea,
Fusicladium Fusiciadium pisicoia,
Fusicoccum, Fusicoccum aescuii, Fusicoccum amygdaii, Fusicoccum guercus,
Galactomyces, Gaiactomyces candidum,
Ganoderma, Ganoderma brownii, Ganoderma iobatum, Ganoderma megaioma, Ganoderma meredithiae, Ganoderma orbiforme, Ganoderma phiiippii, Ganoderma sessiie, Ganoderma tornatum, Ganoderma zonatum,
Geastrumia, Geastrumia poiystigmatis,
Georgefischeriaceae,
Georgefischeriaies,
Geosmithia, Geosmithia paiiida,
Geotrichum, Geotrichum candidum, Geotrichum kiebahnii,
Gibberella, Gibbereiia acuminata, Gibbereiia avenacea, Gibbereiia baccata, Gibbereiia cyanogena, Gibbereiia fujikuroi, Gibbereiia intricans, Gibbereiia puiicaris, Gibbereiia stiiboides, Gibbereiia tricincta, Gibbereiia xyiarioides, Gibbereiia zeae,
Gibellina, Gibeiiina cereaiis,
Gilbertella, Giiberteiia persicaria,
Gjaerumiaceae,
Gliocladiopsis, Giiociadiopsis tenais,
Gliocladium, Giiociadium vermoeseni,
Gloeocercospora, Gioeocercospora sorghi.
Gloeocystidiellum, Gloeocystidiellum porosum,
Gloeophyllum, Gloeophyllum mexicanum, Gloeophyllum trabeum,
Gloeoporus, Gloeoporus dichrous,
Gloeosporium, Gloeosporium cattleyae, Gloeosporium theae-sinensis,
Glomerella, Glomerella cingulata, Glomerella graminicola, Glomerella tucumanensis,
Gnomonia, Gnomonia caryae, Gnomonia comari, Gnomonia dispora, Gnomonia iliau, Gnomonia rubi, Golovinomyces, Golovinomyces cichoracearum,
Graphiola phoenicis,
Graphiolaceae,
Graphium, Graphium rigidum, Graphium rubrum,
Graphyllium, Graphyllium pentamerum,
Grovesinia, Grovesinia pyramidalis,
Gymnoconia, Gymnoconia nitens,
Gymnopus, Gymnopus dryophilus,
Gymnosporangium, Gymnosporangium kernianum, Gymnosporangium libocedri, Gymnosporangium nelsonii, Gymnosporangium yamadae,
Haematonectria, Haematonectria haematococca,
Hansenula, Hansenuia subpeiiicuiosa,
Hapalosphaeria, Hapaiosphaeria deformans,
Haplobasidion, Hapiobasidion musae,
Helicobasidium, Heiicobasidium compactum, Heiicobasidium iongisporum, Heiicobasidium purpureum,
Helicoma, Heiicoma mueiieri,
Helminthosporium, Heiminthosporium cookei, Heiminthosporium soiani,
Hendersonia, Hendersonia creberrima, Hendersonia theicoia,
Hericium, Hericium coraiioides,
Heterobasidion, Heterobasidion irreguiare, Western Heterobasidion,
Hexagonia, Hexagonia hydnoides,
Hymenula, Hymenula affinis,
Hyphodermella, Hyphodermella corrugata,
Hyphodontia, Hyphodontia aspera, Hyphodontia sambuci,
Hypoxylon, Hypoxylon tinctor,
Inonotus, Inonotus arizonicus, Inonotus cuticularis, Inonotus dryophilus, Inonotus hispidus, Inonotus ludovicianus,
Irpex, Irpex destruens, Irpex lacteus,
Kabatiella, Kabatiella caulivora,
Karnal bunt,
Koa wilt,
Kretzschmaria, Kretzschmaria zonata,
Kuehneola, Kuehneola uredinis,
Kutilakesa, Kutilakesa pironii,
Laetiporus, Laetiporus ailaoshanensis, Laetiporus baudonii, Laetiparus caribensis, Laetiparus canifericala, Laetiparus cremeiparus, Laetiparus gilbertsanii, Laetiparus huraniensis, Laetiparus mantonus, Laetiparus partentasus, Laetiparus zanatus,
Laxitextum, Laxitextum bicaiar,
Leandria, Leandria mamardicae,
Lentinus, Lentinus tigrinus,
Lenzites, Lenzites betuiina, Lenzites eiegans,
Leohumicola, Leahumicaia atra, Leahumicaia incrustata, Leahumicaia ievissima,
Leptodontidium, Leptadantidium eiatius,
Leptographium, Leptagraphium micrasparum,
Leptosphaerulina, Leptasphaeruiina crassiasca, Leptasphaeruiina trifaiii,
Leptothyrium, Leptathyrium nervisedum,
Leptotrochila, Leptatrachiia medicaginis,
Leucocytospora, Leucocytospora leucostoma,
Leucostoma, Leucostoma auerswaldii, Leucostoma canker, Leucostoma kunzei, Leucostoma persoonii, Leveillula, Leveillula compositarum, Leveillula leguminosarum, Leveillula taurica
Limacinula, Limacinula tenais,
Linochora, Linochora graminis,
Loose smut,
Lopharia, Lopharia crushed,
Lophodermium, Lophodermium aucupariae, Lophodermium schweinitzii,
Macrophoma, Macrophoma mangiferae, Macrophoma theicola,
Macrosporium, Macrosporium cocos,
Magnaporthe, Magnaporthe grisea, Magnaporthe salvinii,
Magnaporthiopsis,
Mamianiella, Mamianiella coryli,
Marasmiellus, Marasmiellus cocophilus, Marasmiellus stenophyllus,
Marasmius, Marasmius crisis-egui, Marasmius sacchari, Marasmius semiustius, Marasmius stenophyllus, Marasmius tenuissimus,
Massarina, Massarina walkeri,
Mauginiella, Mauginiella scaettae,
Melampsora, Melampsora United, Melampsora occidentalis,
Melanconis, Melanconis carthusiana,
Melanconium, Melanconium juglandinum,
Meliola, Meliola mangiferae, Meliola zangii,
Meruliopsis, Meruliopsis ambigua,
Microascus, Microascus brevicaulis,
Microbotryum, Microbotryum silenes-dioicae, Microbotryum violaceum.
Microsphaera, Microsphaera coryli, Microsphaera diffusa, Microsphaera ellisii, Microsphaera euphorbiae, Microsphaera hommae, Microsphaera peniciiiata, Microsphaera vaccinii, Microsphaera verrucuiosa,
Microstroma, Microstroma jugiandis,
Moesziomyces, Moesziomyces buiiatus,
Moniliophthora, Moniiiophthora roreri,
Monilochaetes, Moniiochaetes infuscans,
Monochaetia, Monochaetia coryii, Monochaetia maii,
Monographella, Monographia aibescens, Monographia cucumerina, Monographia nivaiis, Monosporascus, Monosporascus cannonbaiius, Monosporascus eutypoides,
Monostichella, Monosticheiia coryii,
Mucor, Mucor circineiioides, Mucor hiemaiis, Mucor mucedo, Mucor paronychius, Mucor piriformis, Mucor racemosus,
Mycena, Mycena citricoior,
Mycocentrospora, Mycocentrospora acerina,
Mycoleptodiscus, Mycoieptodiscus terrestris,
Didymella, Didymeiia Rabiei,
Mycosphaereiia, Mycosphaereiia recutita, Mycosphaereiia rosicoia, Mycosphaereiia rubi, Mycosphaereiia stigma-piatani, Mycosphaereiia striatiformans
Mycovellosiella, Mycoveiiosieiia concors,
Passalora, Passaiora fuiva,
Mycovellosiella, Mycoveiiosieiia koepkei, Mycoveiiosieiia vaginae,
Myriogenospora, Myriogenospora acicuiispora,
Myrothecium, Myrothecium roridum, Myrothecium verrucaria,
Naevala, Naevaia perexigua,
Naohidemyces, Naohidemyces vaccinii,
Nectria, Nectria cinnabarina, Nectria ditissima, Nectria fidelicoia, Nectria mammoidea, Nectria mauritiicoia, Nectria peziza, Nectria pseudotrichia, Nectria radicicoia, Nectria ramuiariae.
Nectriella, Nectriella pironii,
Nemania, Nemania broadcast, Nemania serpens,
Neocosmospora, Neocosmospora vasinfecta,
Neodeightonia, Neodeightonia phoenicum,
Neoerysiphe, Neoerysiphe galeopsidis,
Neofabraea, Neofabraea perennans,
Neofusicoccum, Neofusicoccum mangiferae,
Oidiopsis, Oidiopsis gossypii,
Oidium, Oidium arachidis, Oidium caricae-papayae, Oidium indicum, Oidium mangiferae, Oidium manihotis,
Olpidium, Oipidium brassicae,
Omphalia, Omphaiia traiucida,
Ophiobolus, Ophioboius anguiiiides, Ophioboius cannabinus,
Ophioirenina,
Ovulinia, Ovuiinia azaieae,
Oxyporus, Oxyporus corticoia,
Ozonium, Ozonium texanum,
Peltaster, Peitaster fructicoia. Penicillium, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium funicuiosum,
Peniophora,
Periconia, Periconia circinata,
Periconiella, Periconiaiia cocoes,
Peridermium, Peridermium caiifornicum,
Pestalosphaeria, Pestaiosphaeria concentrica,
Pestalotia, Pestaiotia iongiseta, Pestaiotia rhododendri.
Pestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis adusta, Pestalotiopsis arachidis, Pestalotiopsis disseminata, Pestalotiopsis guepini, Pestalotiopsis ieprogena, Pestalotiopsis iongiseta, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Pestalotiopsis palmarum, Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, Pestalotiopsis theae,
Peyronellaea, Peyronellaea curtisii,
Phacidiopycnis, Phacidiopycnis padwickii,
Phaeochoropsis, Phaeochoropsis mucosa,
Phaeocytostroma, Phaeocytostroma iliau, Phaeocytostroma sacchari,
Phaeoisariopsis, Phaeoisariopsis bataticola,
Phaeoramularia, Phaeoramularia heterospora, Phaeoramularia indica, Phaeoramularia manihotis, Phaeoseptoria, Phaeoseptoria musae,
Phaeosphaerella, Phaeosphaerella mangiferae, Phaeosphaerella theae,
Phaeosphaeria, Phaeosphaeria avenaria, Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides, Phaeosphaeria microscopica, Phaeosphaeria nodorum
Phaeosphaeriopsis, Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora,
Phaeotrichoconis, Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae,
Phialophora, Phialophora asteris, Phialophora cinerescens, Phialophora gregata, Phialophora tracheiphila,
Phoma, Phoma clematidina, Phoma costaricensis, Phoma cucurbitacearum, Phoma destructiva, Phoma draconis, Phoma exigua, Phoma exigua, Phoma exigua var. Phoma glomerata, Phoma gleamina, Phoma glabalata, Phoma glabalata, Phoma glabella, Phoma glabarica, Phoma glabella, Phoma macropora, Phoma microspora, Phoma narcissi, Phoma nebulosa, Phoma oncidii-sphacelati, Phoma pinodella, Phoma sclerotioides, Phoma
Phomopsis cannabina, Phomopsis coffeae, Phomopsis ganjae, Phomopsis javanica, Phomopsis longicolla, Phomopsis mangiferae, Phomopsis prunorum, Phomopsis sclerotioides, Phomopsis theae,
Phragmidium, Phragmidium mucronatum, Phragmidium rosae-pimpinellifoliae, Phragmidium rubi-idaei, Phragmidium violaceum,
Phyllachora, Phyllachora banksiae, Phyllachora cannabis, Phyllachora graminis, Phyllachora gratissima, Phyllachora musicola, Phyllachora pomigena, Phyllachora sacchari,
Phyllactinia,
Phyllosticta, Phyllosticta alliariaefoliae Phyllosticta arachidis-hypogaeae, Phyllosticta batatas, Phyllosticta capitalensis, Phyllosticta carpogena, Phyllosticta coffeicola, Phyllosticta concentrica, Phyllosticta coryli, Phyllosticta cucurbitacearum, Phyllosticta cyclaminella, Phyllosticta Erratica, Phyllosticta hawaiiensis Phyllosticta lentisci, Phyllosticta manihotis, Phyllosticta micropuncta, Phyllosticta mortonii , Phyllosticta nicotianae, Phyllosticta palmetto, Phyllosticta penicillariae, Phyllosticta perseae, Phyllosticta pseudocapsici, Phyllosticta sojaecola, Phyllosticta theae, Phyllosticta theicola,
Phymatotrichopsis, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora,
Physalospora, Physalospora disrupta, Physalospora perseae,
Physoderma, Physoderma alfalfa, Physoderma leprosides, Physoderma trifolii,
Physopella, Physopella ampelopsidis,
Pileolaria, Pileolaria terebinthi,
Piricaudiopsis, Piricaudiopsis punicae, Piricaudiopsis rhaphidophorae, Piricaudiopsis rosae, Plenodomus, Plenodomus destruens, Plenodomus meliloti,
Pleosphaerulina, Pleosphaerulina sojicola,
Pleospora, Pleospora alfalfae, Pleospora betae, Pleospora herbarum, Pleospora lycopersici, Pleospora tarda, Pleospora theae,
Pleuroceras,
Podosphaera, Podosphaera fuliginea, Podosphaera fusca, Podosphaera leucotricha, Podosphaera macularis, Podosphaera pannosa
Polyscytalum, Polyscytalum pustulans,
Poria, Parla hypobrunnea,
Postia, Postia tephroleuca,
Powdery mildew,
Pseudocercospora, Pseudocercospora arecacearum, Pseudocercospora cannabina, Pseudocercospora fuligena, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Pseudocercospora gunnerae, Pseudocercospora pandoreae, Pseudocercospora puderi, Pseudocercospora rhapisicola, Pseudocercospora theae, Pseudocercospora vitis, Pseudocercosporella capsella,
Pseudocochliobolus, Pseudocochliobolus eragrostidis.
Pseudoepicoccum, Pseudoepicoccum cocos,
Pseudopeziza, Pseudopeziza jonesii, Pseudopeziza medicaginis, Pseudopeziza trifolii,
Pseudoseptoria, Pseudoseptoria donacis,
Pucciniaceae,
Pucciniastrum, Pucciniastrum americanum, Pucciniastrum arcticum, Pucciniastrum epilobii, Pucciniastrum hydrangeae,
Pycnostysanus, Pycnostysanus azaleae,
Pyrenochaeta, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Pyrenochaeta terrestris,
Pyrenopeziza, Pyrenopeziza brassicae,
Ramichloridium, Ramichloridium musae,
Ramulispora, Ramulispora sorghum, Ramulispora sorghicola,
Rhinocladium, Rhinocladium corticola,
Rhizophydium, Rhizophydium graminis,
Rhizopus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus circinans, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus oryzae,
Rhytisma, Rhytisma punctatum, Rhytisma vitis,
Rigidoporus, Rigidoporus vinctus,
Rosellinia, Rosellinia arcuata, Rosellinia bunodes, Rosellinia necatrix, Rosellinia pepo,
Saccharicola, Saccharicola taiwanensis,
Schiffnerula, Schiffnerula cannabis,
Schizophyllum, Schizophyllum commune,
Schizopora, Schizopora flavipora,
Schizothyrium, Schizothyrium pomi,
Sclerophthora, Sclerophthora macrospora,
Sclerotium, Sclerotium cinnamomi, Sclerotium delphinii,
Scytinostroma, Scytinostroma galactinum,
Seimatosporium, Seimatosporium mariae, Seimatosporium rhododendri,
Selenophoma, Selenophoma linicola.
Septobasidium, Septobasidium bogoriense, Septobasidium euryae-groffii, Septobasidium gaoUgongense, Septobasidium piiosum, Sepobasidium poiygoni, Septobasidium pseudopediceiiatum, Septobasidium theae,
Septocyta, Septocyta ruborum,
Serpula, Serpuia iacrymans,
Setosphaeria, Setosphaeria rostrata, Setosphaeria turcica,
Spencermartinsia, Spencermartinsia pretoriensis,
Sphaceloma, Sphaceioma arachidis, Sphaceioma menthae, Sphaceioma perseae, Sphaceioma poinsettiae, Sphaceioma sacchari, Sphaceioma theae
Sphacelotheca, Sphaceiotheca reiiiana, Sphaerotheca castagnei,
Sphaerulina, Sphaeruiina oryzina, Sphaeruiina rehmiana, Sphaeruiina rubi,
Sphenospora, Sphenospora kevorkianii,
Spilocaea, Spiiocaea oieaginea,
Sporisorium, Sporisorium cruentum, Sporisorium ehrenbergii, Sporisorium scitamineum, Sporisorium sorghi,
Sporonema, Sporonema phacidioides,
Stagonospora, Stagonospora avenae, Stagonospora meiiioti, Stagonospora recedens, Stagonospora sacchari, Stagonospora tainanensis,
Stagonosporopsis,
Stegocintractia, Stegocintractia junci,
Stemphylium, Stemphyiium aifaifae, Stemphyiium boiickii, Stemphyiium cannabinum, Stemphyiium giobuiiferum, Stemphyiium iycopersici, Stemphyiium sarciniforme, Stemphyiium soiani, Stemphyiium vesicarium,
Stenella, Steneiia anthuriicoia,
Stigmatomycosis,
Stigmina, Stigmina carpophiia, Stigmina paimivora, Stigmina piatani-racemosae,
Stromatinia, Stromatinia cepivora,
Sydowiella, Sydowieiia depressuia.
Sydowiellaceae,
Synchytrium, Synchytrium endobioticum,
Tapesia, Tapesia acuformis, Tapesia yallundae,
Taphrina, Taphrina coryli, Taphrina potentiuae,
Thanatephorus, Thanatephorus cucumeris,
Thecaphora, Thecaphora solani,
Thielaviopsis, Thielaviopsis basicola, Thielaviopsis ceramica,
Thyrostroma, Thyrostroma compactum,
Tiarosporella, Tiarosporella urbis-rosarum,
Tilletia, Tilletia barclayana, Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa, Tilletia laevis, Tilletia tritici, Tilletia walkeri,
Tilletlariaceae,
Togniniaceae,
Tranzschelia, Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae,
Trichoderma, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma paucisporum, Trichoderma songyi, Trichoderma theobromicola, Trichoderma viride,
Tubercularia, Tubercularia lateritia,
Tunstallia, Tunstallia acuieata,
Typhula, Typhula blight, Typhula idahoensis, Typhula incarnata, Typhula ishikariensis, Typhula variabilis,
Ulocladium, Ulocladium consortium,
Uncinula,
Uredo, Uredo behnickiana, Uredo kriegeriana, Uredo musae, Uredo nigropuncta, Uracystis
Uromyces, Uromyces apiosporus, Uromyces appendiculatus, Uromyces beticola, Uromyces ciceris-arietini, Uromyces dianthi, Uromyces euphorbiae, Uromyces graminis, Uromyces inconspicuus, Uromyces lineolatus, Uromyces musae, Uromyces oblongus, Uromyces pisi-sativi, Uromyces proëminens, Uromyces medicaginis, Uromyces trifolii -repentis, Uromyces viciae-fabae.
Urophlyctis, Urophlyctis leprosides, Urophlyctis trifolii,
smuts,
Ustilago, Ustilago avenae, Ustilago esculenta, Ustilago hordei, Ustilago maydis, Ustilago nigra, Ustilago nuda, Ustilago scitaminea, Ustilago tritici,
Vankya, Vankya ornithogali,
Velvet blight,
Veronaea, Veronaea musae,
Verticillium, Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium alfalfae, Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium isaacii, Verticillium klebahnii, Verticillium iongisporum, Verticillium nonalfalfae, Verticillium theobromae, Verticillium wiit, Verticillium zaregamsianum,
Waitea, Waitea circinata,
Westea,
Wheat leafrust,
Wheat miidew,
Wuestneiopsis, Wuestneiopsis georgiana,
Xeromphalina, Xeromph al in a fraxin ophila,
Zopfia, Zopfia rhizophiia,
Zygosaccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces bailiff, Zygosaccharomyces florentinus,
Zythiostroma.
Preferably, the pairs of fungi, oomycetes or bacteria vs. The crop plants targeted by the invention are as follows:
Wheat {Triticum sativum)
Claviceps purpurea, Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cuimorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium iangsethiae, Fusarium poae, Fusarium pseudograminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Leptosphaeria nodorum, Microdochium spp., Mycosphaerella graminicola, Oculimacula acuformis, Oculimacula yallundae, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Pyrenophora Tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Microdochium and Zymoseptoria tritici
But {Zea mays)
Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium verticillioides
Barley {Hordeum seenIgare)
Blumeria graminis, Fusarium spp., Pyrenophora teres, Ramularia collo-cygni, Rhynchosporium secalis Rice (Oryza sativa)
Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Fusarium fijikuro, Magnaporthe oryzae, Microdochium oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sarocladium oryzae, Ustilaginoides virens
Potato {Solanum tuberosum)
Alternia alternata, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani Vine {Vinis vitifera)
Botrytis cinerea, Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwelli, Erisiphe necator,
Diplodia seriata
Soybean (Glycine max)
Cercopora kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematium, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium graminearum, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Septoria wisteria
Apple tree {Malus domestica)
Monilia fructigena, Monilia laxa, Pezzicula alba, Pezzicula malicorticis, Venturia inaegualis Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Phytophtora infestans Haricot {Phaseolus vulgaris)
Uromyces appendiculatus Radish (Raphanus sativus)
Alternaria brassicae All Fruits and vegetables Botrytis cinerea Fraisier {Fragaria sp)
Colletotrichum acutatum Carrot {Daucus carota)
Aternaria alternata, Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina Peach {Prunus persica) and apricot {Prunus armeniaca)
Monilia fructicola, Fructigena monilia, Monilia laxa
In a particularly preferred manner, the pairs of fungi or bacteria vs. The crop plants targeted by the invention are as follows:
Wheat: Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium and Zymoseptoria tritici
Vine: Botrytis cinérea, Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwelli, Erisyphe necator, Diplodia seriata
Potato: Alternia alternata, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestons, Rhizoctonia solani Tomato: Phytophthora infestations The invention also relates to a method for preparing a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps:
Lyophilization or freezing of a cell pellet of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium,
Resuspending said freeze-dried or frozen biomass in an inorganic or organic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C in a weight ratio of lyophilizate or biomass / solvent of between 1: 1000 and 1:25.
Quickly bring the temperature close to room temperature. Optionally lyophilization of the extract obtained
Freezing is preferably carried out in liquid nitrogen.
The term "inorganic or organic solvent" means aqueous solutions (water), hydrocarbon solvents (aliphatics, aromatics), oxygenated solvents (alcohols, ketones, acids, esters and ethers) and mixtures in all miscible proportions. of these solvents.
Preferably, the resuspension of said freeze-dried or frozen biomass in an aqueous or organic solvent is carried out at a temperature above 70 ° C, preferably above 80 ° C, particularly preferably at a temperature above 90 ° C.
The resuspension is carried out either by adding to said freeze-dried or frozen biomass the solvent previously heated to a temperature above 60 ° C, or the solvent is added and the resuspended mixture is heated to a temperature above 60 ° C.
Preferably, the resuspension of said freeze-dried or frozen biomass in an aqueous or organic solvent is carried out in a weight ratio of lyophilizate or biomass / solvent of between 1: 200 and 1:50.
Preferably, the resuspension of said lyophilizate or said frozen biomass lasts less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, preferably less than 1 minute.
"Rapidly" bringing the temperature close to room temperature means in less than 5 minutes, preferably in less than 3 minutes, preferably in less than 1 minute.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixture is brought close to ambient temperature by placing the mixture in a cold environment, for example at a temperature close to 0 ° C., or by adding to the mixture an aqueous or organic solvent at a temperature close to 0 ° C. ° C. The invention also relates to a cell extract or a lyophilizate of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium obtainable by the process for preparing a cell extract of the invention. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a cell lyophilizate or cell extract of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps:
Cell culture under conditions of temperature, photoperiod and salinity adapted to the strain concerned up to a cell concentration of between 2.10 4 cells / ml and 5 × 10 5 cells / ml.
Lyophilisation.
The cells are cultured for 5 to 20 days. The luminous intensity is between 40 μΕ and 200 μΕ, preferably between 70 μΕ and 100 μΕ.
The culture temperature is generally between 17 ° C and 25 ° C.
The photoperiod day / night is preferably between 8h / 16h and 16h / 8h.
The minimum salinity is 15 ppt.
According to a particular embodiment, Amphidinium carterae is cultured as follows: the cells are incubated in natural or artificial seawater medium at a temperature of between 17 and 25 ° C. with a day / night cycle of between 8 am and 4 pm and 16h / 8h, preferably 16h / 8h. The invention also relates to a lyophilizate that can be obtained by the process for preparing a lyophilisate according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method for controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds, comprising the application to the culture plants of a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the Amphidinium kind or an extract according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method for controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and crop seeds comprising the following steps:
Resuspending a lyophilizate of cells of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium or a lyophilizate according to the invention in water or in an organic or inorganic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C. in a ratio of weight from 1: 1000 to 1:25, Mix with water or an organic or inorganic solvent in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1:50 to bring the temperature back to near room temperature.
Apply this mixture to the crop plants and / or coat the said seeds with this mixture.
Preferably, resuspension of said lyophilizate is carried out at a temperature above 70 ° C, preferably above 80 ° C, particularly preferably at a temperature above 90 ° C.
The resuspension is carried out either by adding to said lyophilisate water previously heated to a temperature above 60 ° C, or water is added and the resuspended mixture is heated to a temperature above 60 ° C.
Preferably, the resuspension of said freeze-dried or frozen biomass in an aqueous or organic solvent is carried out in a weight ratio of lyophilizate or biomass / solvent of between 1: 200 and 1:50.
Preferably, the resuspension of said lyophilizate lasts less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, preferably less than 1 minute.
"Rapidly" bringing the temperature close to room temperature means in less than 5 minutes, preferably in less than 3 minutes, preferably in less than 1 minute.
The temperature of the mixture is brought close to the ambient temperature by adding to the mixture water at a temperature close to 0 ° C. The application to the crop plants can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art to reach the parts of plants affected by the fungus and / or bacteria. The seed coating can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art that keeps the asset in contact with the seed.
For example, the coating can be carried out by dusting or spraying.
For example, the coating may include formulants and adjuvants.
The purpose of the formulants is to make it possible to apply and maintain the active substance (s) on the grain, in equal and constant proportion throughout the entire application process of the product, and this at very low doses.
Formulants include: organic solvents or water, dispersants, emulsifiers, surfactants or wetting agents, dyes ...
Surfactants and emulsifiers have the property of joining together and stably maintaining two incompatible liquids together.
Different adjuvants can be applied to the seed. The pelliculants correspond to the application of a microporous film on the surface of the seed. They do not change the shape or size of the seed. They improve coverage and homogeneity of treatment. When the seeds are used by the farmer, they improve the user's comfort at the time of sowing by removing dust and facilitating the flow of seeds into the seed drill. They improve the action of the active substance (s) in culture condition. The enrobants change the shape, size and weight of the seed. They improve the precision of the sowing.
The methods for controlling the fungi and / or pathogenic bacteria of the plants and treatment culture seeds according to the invention are particularly suitable against a fusarium, preferably a fusarium, cited in Table 1.
Table 1: Summary of fusariosis
The methods for controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of the plants and treatment culture seeds according to the invention are particularly suitable for fungi or bacteria vs. bacteria. following crop plants:
Wheat: Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium nivale and Zymoseptoria tritici
Vine: Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwelli, Erisyphe necator, Diplodia seriata EXAMPLES
MATERIAL &amp; METHODS
Example 1 Culture of Microalgae
The microalga Amphidinium carterae, strain AC208, comes from Algobank (Caen) and the microalgae Prymnesium parvum, strain RCC 1436, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, strain CCMP 632, come from the marine microorganism bank of Roscoff (RCC: Roscoff Culture Collection). These micro-algae are grown in artificial seawater L1 (https://ncma.bigelow.org/algal-recipes) at 19 ° C with a day / night cycle of 12H / 12H. The luminous intensity used is 100 μΕ. The biomass is recovered at the end of the exponential phase of growth by centrifugation (15 min at 3000 RPM). The cell pellet obtained is frozen and then subjected to lyophilization using a laboratory freeze-dryer (Alpha 1-2 LDplus, labconco) in order to stably keep the active ingredient for a long time. After lyophilization, the dry matter is weighed.
Example 2: Preparation of the extract
In order to extract the active ingredient from the dry matter of Example 1, 20 mg of dry matter are resuspended in 1 ml of distilled water at 100 ° C. After incubation for 2 minutes at room temperature (20-25 ° C) the extract is stored in ice and then centrifuged for 5 min at 10,000 RPM at room temperature. The supernatant containing the active ingredient is frozen in liquid nitrogen in order to maintain its long-lasting anti-fungal properties.
Example 3 Germination Test of Fusarium graminearum
The spores of Fusarium grominearum are grown in the depleted "Mung bean" medium. The spores are separated from the mycelium by filtration on miracloth (Calbiochem), centrifuged and then resuspended at 1.6 × 10 spores / ml. About 16,000 spores are incubated in the presence of the control solution or the A 'extract. carterae at different concentrations. After incubation for 10 min at room temperature, the spores are placed on a coverslip for germination count after 6H or on a petri dish for observation of mycelium growth after 72H.
TESTS
Extracts of different species of marine microorganisms belonging to three major Phytoplankton Phylum, dinoflagellates, haptophytes and diatoms, were tested for potential anti-fungal activity on cryptogamous fungi. These micro-algae have the ability to produce toxins that allow them to proliferate strongly by competing with other species and therefore are potential sources of molecules that can exhibit anti-fungal activity. The extracts of each microalga were obtained according to Example 2. To test the effect of these extracts on the survival of phytopathogenic fungi, the freeze-dried extracts are resuspended in water and then brought into contact with a given amount of spores of Fusarium graminearum.
Example 4 Inhibition of growth and germination of spores Fusarium graminearum
The ability of F. graminearum to form mycelium on agar medium in the presence of these extracts is tested 72H after. Of the three extracts tested (Prymnesium parvum, Amphidinium carterae and Phaeodactylum tricornutum), only the Amphidinium carterae extract according to Example 2 has an inhibitory effect on mycelium formation (Figure 1A).
To confirm this result, a dose-response test was performed by incubating the spores with A extract. carterae according to Example 2 diluted at different concentrations (Figure 2A). It appears that this extract has a fungal activity that is dose dependent with a minimum concentration to obtain 100% inhibition (MIC) of 0.4 g / L (Figure 2A).
Finally, the extract of A. carterae according to Example 2 was tested to inhibit the germination of F. graminearum spores. The in vitro results obtained 6 hours after incubation with the extract demonstrates a total inhibition of spore germination at a concentration of 2 g / L (Figure 2B), suggesting that the extract inhibits spore germination and growth of the mycelium F. gramineorum.
EXAMPLE 5 Influence of the lyophilization of the extract of A carterae on the anti-fungal activity of the extract
The inventors have determined whether lyophilization of the A. carterae inhibited or not the anti-fungal activity. For this, a culture of A. carterae was extracted according to Example 2 and then half of the extent was frozen at -80 ° C while the other half of the extract was lyophilized and then resuspended in distilled water. These extracts were tested at different concentrations for their ability to inhibit the growth of F. graminearum according to Example 3. The results demonstrate that in both cases, frozen extract or lyophilized extract, a complete inbition of F. graminearum growth. is obtained at a concentration of 1 g / L and persists up to 5 g / L (Figure 2C). In conclusion, lyophilization of the extract of A. carterae does not affect its antifungal activity.
Example 6 Tests on Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt of banana), Microdochium (fusarium of wheat) and Zymoseptoria tritici (Septoria of wheat)
In order to determine if the extract of A. carterae according to Example 2 has anti-fungal activity on a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, tests were carried out on other fungi responsible for Fusarium wilt: Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt) and Microdochium (Fusarium wilt) as well as another important wheat disease: Septoria leaf blight caused by Zymoseptoria tritici. In any case, the extract of A. carterae according to Example 2 strongly limited the growth of the fungus in vitro condition (Figure 2C and Table 1).
Example 7 Tests on Wheat Plants Infected Under Controlled Conditions
Wheat ears were inoculated with F. graminearum spores under controlled conditions and 24 h after the A extract. carterae of Example 2 was applied. Symptoms were read at 20 days (400 days) and 23 days (450 days) after infection. The number of ears with symptoms (the incidence of the disease) as well as the symptom score (the severity of the disease, score from 0 to 9, Figure 2D) were reported in both cases: in the absence (control) ) and in the presence of the extract of Example 2. In comparison with the control treatment, the presence of the extract reduces significantly, by about 30%, the number of ears attacked by the disease. In addition, these ears show symptoms with a reduced severity of about 50%. These results demonstrate that the extract of A. carterae of Example 2 has significant anti-fungal activity on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi affecting wheat under in vitro and in planta conditions.
Example 8: Tests on several families of vine plant pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, an ascomycete responsible for gray mold, Plasmopara viticola, an oomycete responsible for late blight, Erisyphe necator, an ascomycete responsible for powdery mildew and Diplodia seriata, one of the agents caused by esca, the disease of wood. At a concentration of 1 g / L, the extract of A. carterae totally inhibits the growth of P. viticola on a detached leaf (Figure 3A, left), whereas under the same conditions the extract has no effect on the growth of f. necator (Figure 3A, right). In vitro tests were conducted on Botrytis cinerea indicating that the extract completely inhibits the growth of B. cinerea at a concentration of 5 g / L (Figure 3B). The anti-fungal activity of the extract on B. cinerea was confirmed on detached leaf of vine (Figure 3B). In addition, tests were carried out in vitro on the different families of mushrooms responsible for grape esca. The results demonstrate that the extract at a concentration of 2 g / L significantly inhibits the growth of these fungi (Figure 3C).
Overall, these results demonstrate that the extract from A. carterae has significant antifungal activity, whether under in vitro or in planta conditions, over a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES (1) Arseniuk, E., Foremska, E., Goral, T., Cheikowski, J. 1999. Fusarium head blight reactions and accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and some of its derivatives in kernels of wheat, triticale and rye. Journal of Phytopathology 147, 577-590 (2) Devi P, Wahidulla S, Kamat T and D'Souza L (2011). Screening marine organisms for antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. Indian J.Geomar.Sci. (40) 338-346. (3) Mayer AM, Rodriguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Fusetani N (2013). Marine pharmacology in 2009-2011: marine compounds with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune system and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Mar Drugs. 11 (7): 2510-73 (4) Bowler, C., Vardi, A., &amp; Allen, A. E. (2010). Oceanography and biogeochemical insights from diatom genomes. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2, 333-65. doi: 10.1146 / annurev-marine-120308-081051 (5) Murray S, Garby T, Hoppenrath M, Neilan BA (2012). Genetic diversity, morphological uniformity and polyketide production in dinoflagellates (Amphidinium, Dinoflagellata). PLoS One. 7 (6) (6) Morsy N, Houdai T, Matsuoka S, Matsumori N, Adachi S, et al. (2006). Structures of new amphidinols with truncated polyhydroxyl chain and their membrane-permeabilizing activities. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 14: 6548-6554.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
1. Use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium for its fungicidal and / or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Use according to claim 1 of a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium for its fungicidal activity on fungi and / or pathogenic oomycetes of plants and seeds of culture by inhibition of spore germination.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Use according to claim 1 of a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium for its fungicidal activity on fungi and / or pathogenic oomycetes of plants and seeds of culture by inhibition of the growth of the fungus and / or oomycetes.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the one or one of the microalgae of the genus Amphidinium is Amphidinium carterae.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said plant pathogenic fungi and crop seeds are pathogenic fungi plants and crop seeds of the genera Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Mycosphaereiia, Phytophthora and Alternaria, preferably couples mushrooms vs. Plants Triticum sativum / Mycosphaerella graminicola - Triticum sativum / Fusarium graminearum - Soianum tuberosum / Phytophtora infestations - Vinis vitifera / Plasmospora viticoia - Vinis vitifera / Erysiphe necator - Lycopersicon esculentum / Phytophthora infestations.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. Use according to claim 5 wherein said plant pathogenic fungi and culture seeds of the genera Fusorium, Colletotrichum, Mycosphoereiio, Phytophthoro and Alternorio are selected from the group consisting of Fusorium oxysporum, Fusorium soloni, Fusorium ovenoceum, Fusorium culmorum, Fusorium gromineorum , Fusorium moniformioides, Fusorium pooe, Fusorium proliferotum, Fusorium sporotrichioides, Fusorium subglutinons, Fusorium tricinctum, Colletotrichum ocutotum, Colletotrichum grominicolo, Colletotrichum coffeonum, Colletotrichum gioeosporioides, Mycosphoereiio grominicolo, Phytophthoro Infestons, Alternorio soloni and Alternorio brossisicolo.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. Process for the preparation of a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps: Freeze-drying or freezing of a cell pellet of one or more microalgae (s) Amphidinium type Resuspend said frozen lyophilizate or biomass in an aqueous or organic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 1:50 Bring the temperature rapidly close to room temperature. Optionally lyophilization of the extract obtained
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. Cellular extract or lyophilizate of Amphidinium cells obtainable by the method of claim 7.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Process for preparing a lyophilizate of cells of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium characterized by the following steps: Cell culture under conditions of temperature, photoperiod and salinity adapted to the strain concerned up to a cell concentration of between 5 × 10 5 cells / ml and 5 × 10 5 cells / ml, lyophilization.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. Lyophilizate obtainable by the method of claim 9.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
A method of controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and crop seeds comprising applying to the crop plants and / or coating said seeds with a cell extract of one or more microalgae of the genus Amphidinium or an extract according to claim 8.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. A method for controlling fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria of plants and cultured seeds comprising the following steps: Resuspending a lyophilizate of cells of one or more microalgae (s) of the genus Amphidinium or a lyophilizate according to claim 8 or 10 in water or an organic or inorganic solvent at a temperature above 60 ° C in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 1:50, Mix with water or in a solvent organic or inorganic in a proportion of 1: 2 to 1:50 to rapidly bring the temperature close to room temperature, apply this mixture on the crop plants and / or coat said seeds with this mixture.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CA3026725A1|2017-12-14|

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RU2762235C2|2021-12-16|

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RU2018146606A|2020-07-14|

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WO2017211998A1|2017-12-14|

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EP3468369A1|2019-04-17|

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FR3052337B1|2018-06-29|

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US20190174768A1|2019-06-13|

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BR112018075354A2|2019-03-19|

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RU2018146606A3|2021-03-11|

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CN109843068A|2019-06-04|

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CN103131529B|2011-11-23|2016-02-24|丰益生物技术研发中心有限公司|A kind of method extracting microbial oil|FR3067221B1|2017-06-08|2020-08-14|Immunrise|USE OF AN AMPHIDINOL FOR ITS FUNGICIDAL AND / OR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY ON FUNGI, OOMYCETES AND / OR PATHOGENIC BACTERIA OF PLANTS AND SEEDS OF CULTURE|

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法律状态:
2017-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2017-12-15| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20171215 |

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2018-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2019-08-30| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: IMMUNRISE BIOCONTROL FRANCE, FR Effective date: 20190723 |

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2019-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR1655263|2016-06-08|

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FR1655263A|FR3052337B1|2016-06-08|2016-06-08|CELLULAR EXTRACT OF ONE OR MORE MICROALOGUES OF THE GENUS AMPHIDINIUM FOR ITS FUNGICIDE AND / OR BACTERICIDE ACTIVITY ON FUNGI, PATHOGENIC OOMYCETES AND / OR BACTERIA OF PLANTS AND CULTURE SEEDS.|FR1655263A| FR3052337B1|2016-06-08|2016-06-08|CELLULAR EXTRACT OF ONE OR MORE MICROALOGUES OF THE GENUS AMPHIDINIUM FOR ITS FUNGICIDE AND / OR BACTERICIDE ACTIVITY ON FUNGI, PATHOGENIC OOMYCETES AND / OR BACTERIA OF PLANTS AND CULTURE SEEDS.|

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RU2018146606A| RU2762235C2|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|Application of a cellular extract of one or more microscopic algae of the amphidinium genus for fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity thereof against fungi, oomycetes and/or pathogenic bacteria of plants and crop seeds|

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CN201780048285.8A| CN109843068A|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|The cell extract of one or more microalgaes of cross anastomosis is used for plant and cultivates the antifungal and/or bactericidal active purposes of the fungi of seed, oomycetes and/or pathogenic bacteria|

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CA3026725A| CA3026725A1|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|Use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the amphidinium genus, for its fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and/or pathogenic bacteria of plants and culture seeds|

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US16/308,111| US20190174768A1|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|Use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the amphidinium genus, for its fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and/or pathogenic bacteria of plants and culture seeds|

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PCT/EP2017/064046| WO2017211998A1|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|Use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of the amphidinium genus, for its fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and/or pathogenic bacteria of plants and culture seeds|

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EP17728566.5A| EP3468369A1|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|Use of a cellular extract of one or more microalgae of theamphidinium|

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BR112018075354-8A| BR112018075354A2|2016-06-08|2017-06-08|use of a cell extract from one or more microalgae of the genus amphidinium for its fungicidal and / or bactericidal activity on fungi, oomycetes and / or pathogenic bacteria from crop plants and seeds|